Essay on themes in Things Fall Apart and Second Coming

Similar Themes in Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming nbsp; nbsp; The novel Things Fall Apart examines African culture before the colonial infiltration. Achebes novel forces us to examine the customs and traditions that make up an informal culture. At times we may find some their practices appalling, but Achebe makes us realize that the traditions and customs are what essentially hold the Ibo together. Achebe wrote Things Fall Apart with the intention of changing the common view of African culture. He wrote the novel from an insiders perspective, revealing that African culture was not solely based on barbaric and mindless rituals. Achebe reveals the affects of the colonial infiltration on African societies. Through his†¦show more content†¦nbsp; Achebe portrays the life of the Ibo tribe before the first touch of the white men.nbsp; Before the colonial infiltration thenbsp; Ibo had a very cyclic view of time.nbsp; Their beleifs and rituals werenbsp; practiced the same rit at the same time every year.nbsp; Where as the white mans traditions and view of time were much more linear.nbsp; Right from the Ibos first encounter with the whites, the reader can observe the cycle as being unchangeably altered.nbsp;nbsp; It is the coming of thei missionaries which brings the disruption.nbsp; After thousands of years of unviolated and untouched traditions, Okonkwo returns after just seven years of exile and finds his village turned upside down.nbsp; In addition, the Ibo people fail to recognize him as a leader.nbsp; Their new religon and government and trading stores were very much in the peoples eyes and minds, the talked and though about little else.. The whites swept away the Ibo tradition and heritage.nbsp; Here, Okonkwo can be seen as the falconer as depicted in Yeats poem.nbsp; He was once looked upon as a respected leader, but now the falcon the Ibo people do not hear the falconer, Okonkwo. nbsp; The disruption of the Ibo cycle isShow MoreRelatedImperialism In The 19Th Century Resulted In European Countries1726 Words   |  7 PagesWhen Chinua Achebe published Things fall apart in 1958, a novel criticizing the European aspects of imperialism, his aspiration was to teach readers that â€Å"their past-with all its imperfections-was not one long night of savagery from which the first Europeans acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(Chinua Achebe on the Role of the African Writer, 1964). Chinua Achebe helped change the western perception of African culture by using the characters and story of Things Fall Apart to give readers a differentRead MoreTragedy And The Common Man By Arthur Miller1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn Arthur Miller’s Essay entitled â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man,† the author states, â€Å"I believe that the common man is as apt a subject for tragedy in his highest sense as kings were.† (Miller 14) The author deems that each in dividual had tragedies particularly the common man who dealt with it in his lifetime. He contends that tragedy possibly will also depict ordinary people in domestic surroundings. Miller had a new view of tragedy in which he saw tragic experience as impartial of widespread ethicalRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart And William Butler Yeats The Second Coming1128 Words   |  5 PagesAchebe’s novel Things Fall Apart and William Butler Yeats’ poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, as we all readers know pursues the stereotypical set-up of developing a tragic hero to a certain extent. In my eyes, the common man is Okonkwo whose tragic figure is troubled with a fatal flaw that in the long run directs to the ultimate devastation of him and those inspired by him. In the first few chapters of the novel it is clearly evident that the common theme of the tragicRead MoreAchebe1599 Words   |  7 Pages Achebe’s Defense of The Ibo People in Things Fall Apart Option 1 The late Chinua Achebe is considered to be one of the most important voices in African literature. 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SubsequentlyRead MoreA Great Tree Has Fallen: Words of Chinua Achebe Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pagesman. Its truth is not like the canons of orthodoxy or the irrationality of prejudice and superstition. It begins as an adventure in self-discovery and ends in wisdom and humane conscience. â€Å"The Truth of Fiction† in Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays 1988 In the mid 20th century Africa was once more starting to find its own voice, having been gagged by centuries of colonial oppression. For all that time the story of Africa had been told by Europeans, and the narrative they presented was a shoddyRead MoreHow does the book of Daniel relate to Revelation? How is John using the imagery of Daniel?2605 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent, many parts of the books talk about the same event of world’s history in which we are about to find out. In this essay, I will show how the book of Daniel is related to Revelation and then how John uses the imagery of Daniel. First of all, let us look at the introduction to the books of Daniel and Revelation. I will not be using too many sources to support this essay because God’s word, the Bible, is the only main source of all knowledge and wisdom. Introduction to the book of Daniel The

first aid Free Essays

First Aid Free Essays INTRODUCTION First aid is the immediate assistance or treatment given to someone injured or suddenly taken ill before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor, or other appropriate qualified persons. It is a skill, based on knowledge, training and experience. First aid training is important as it is relevant at home, work place or industries and any other place. We will write a custom essay sample on First Aid or any similar topic only for you Order Now The term â€Å"FIRST AIDER† is usually applied to someone who has completed a theoretical and practical instruction course, and passed a professionally supervised examination. The standard first aid certificate awarded by St John Ambulance, St Andrews Ambulance Association and the British Red Cross is proof of all round competence. First aid must be administered as soon as possible. In case of critical injury, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life threatening conditions exists. First aid measures depend on the victims need and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. DEFINITION OF TERMS FIRST AIDER: someone who has completed a theoretical and practical instruction course, and passed a professionally supervised examination. EMERGENCY: A serious, unexpected and potentially dangerous situation requiring immediate action or an unexpected event that must be dealt with urgently. CASUALTY: somebody who has a fatal accident, or receives a serious injury or suddenly falls ill. ACCIDENT: An unpleasant incident that happens unexpectedly. INCIDENT: An event, the occurrence of dangerous or exciting event. AMBULANCE: A vehicle for taking sick or injured people to and from hospital. HOSPITAL: An institution providing medical treatment and nursing care for sick or injured people. IMMOBILIZE: Prevent from moving or operating as normal. SIGN: What you see on the casualty. SYMPTOMS: What the casualty feels and tells you. FIRST AID DEFINITION: – immediate assistance or treatment given to an injured person or someone who suddenly falls ill before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor, or other appropriate qualified persons. It is also the first care given to a casualty or someone who suddenly falls ill before the arrival of a doctor or before taking the person to the hospital. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF FIRST AID †¢To save life. †¢To promote quick recovery. †¢To prevent the situation from getting worse †¢To save time. †¢To save cost. PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID The golden rule is ‘’ first do no harm’’ while applying the principle of calculated risk. You should use treatment that is most likely to be beneficial to a casualty but do not use a doubtful treatment just for the sake of doing something. Assess the situation ?Observe what has happened quickly and calmly. ?Look for dangers to yourself and to the casualty. ?Never put yourself at risk. Make area safe. Protect the casualty from danger. ?Be aware of your limitations. Assess all casualties and give emergency aid ?Assess each casualty to determine treatment priorities, and treat those with life-threatening conditions first. Get help ?Quickly ensure that any necessary specialist has been summoned and is on the way QUALITIES OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER †¢Be resourc eful at all times. †¢Be sympathetic and empathetic to your casualty. †¢Be smart and confident. †¢Be observant. †¢Be bold. †¢Be gentle SCOPE OF FIRST AID This is the systematic way of administering first aid;- DIAGNOSIS:- †¢History Signs †¢Symptoms CARE:- This should be given in order of priority i. e. breathing, bleeding, burns and broken bones Transportation- Arrange to convey the casualty without delay to his home, suitable shelter, hospital and or summon a doctor in any serious case. EMERGENCY RESPONSE This is another procedure taken to ensure that appropriate first aid and safety is observed while assisting a casualty. When to use it depends on the situation you find yourself. D – Danger. R – Response (A. V. P. U. i. e. Alert, voice, pain, unresponsive). A – Airway. B –Breathing (L. L. F i. e. ook, listen and feel). C -circulation THE RESUSCITATION SEQUENCE To assess and treat a casualty who has collapse use the resu scitation techniques, obtained on the following pages. If breathing and pulse return at any points place the casualty in a recovery position. The resuscitation sequence Check response ? Open airway and check breathing ? Breathe for the casualty ? Assess for circulation ? commence CPR. CHECKING RESPONSE On discovering a casualty, you should first establish whether the casualty is conscious or unconscious. Ask a simple question such as ‘’hello can you hear me’’. ’What has happened to you’’. or give a command such as’’ open your eyes’’. Speak loudly and clearly, close to the casualty’s ear. OPEN THE AIRWAY An unconscious casualty’s airway may become narrowed or blocked. This makes breathing difficult and noisy or completely impossible. The main reason for this is that muscular control in the throat is lost, which allows the tongue to fall back and block the airway. Lifting the chin and tilting the head back lifts the tongue away from the entrance to the air passage, allowing the casualty to breathe. To open the airway – Place two fingers under the point of the casualty’s chin lift the jaw. At the same time, place your other hand on the casualty’s forehead and gently tilt the head well back. CHECKING BREATHING ?Kneel besides the casualty and put your face close to his mouth. ?Look, listen and feel for breathing. ?Look along the chest to see if the chest rises and falls, indicating breathing. ?Listen for sounds of breathing. ?Feel for breath on your cheek. ?Do these checks for up to ten seconds before deciding that breathing is absent. BREATHE FOR THE CASUALTY )Look into the mouth and remove any obvious obstruction including broken or displaced dentures from the mouth. Leave well fitted dentures in place. 2)Open the airway by tilting the head and using two fingers to lift the chin. 3)Close the casualty’s nose by pinching it with your index finger and thumbs. Take a full breathe and place your lips around his mouth, making a good seal. 4)Blow into your casualty’s mouth until you see the chest rise. Take about two seconds for full inflation. 5)Remove your lips and allow the chest to fall fully, which takes about four seconds. Repeat this once and then assess for signs of circulation. If pulse is absent and there are no sign of recovery such as any movement, swallowing, coughing or breathing, begin cardio pulmonary resuscitation. If breathing returns, place the casualty in the recovery position. ASSESSING FOR CIRCULATION Check the pulse for up to ten seconds, during which, look for other signs of recovery such as movement, breathing, swallowing and coughing. If you cannot find the pulse or there are no other signs of circulation, Begin chest compressions immediately. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) If there is no pulse, this means that the heart has stopped beating and you will have to provide an artificial circulation by means of chest compression. To be of any use, this process must always be combined with artificial ventilation. This procedure is known as Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation or CPR for short. If both you and your helper have been trained to administer C. P. R, you can do so together. GIVING CHEST COMPRESSIONS ?Kneel beside the casualty locate one of his lowermost ribs with the index and middle finger. Slide your finger along the ribs to the point where lowermost ribs meet at the breast bone. Place the heel of your other hand on the breast bone and slide it down until it reaches your index finger. This is the point at which you should apply pressure. ?Place the heel of your first hand on top of the other hand and inter lock your fingers. ?Leaning well over the casualty with your arms straight, press vertically down and depress the breast bone approximately 4-5cm, r elease the pressure without removing your hands. Compress the chest 30 times aiming for a rate of about 100 compressions per minute. Then give two artificial ventilations. Continue this cycle of alternating 30 chest compressions with two breaths of artificial ventilation until help arrives. CPR FOR A CHILD AND A BABY The same resuscitation sequence is applicable for a child but alternate five chest compressions with one breath of artificial ventilation. For one minute before calling an ambulance. Position your hand as you would for an adult but use heel of one hand only. For a baby under one year, place the tip of finger on the lower breast bone. Do this five times at a rate of 100 per minute Give one full breath of artificial ventilation, by breathing into the baby’s mouth and nose. How to cite First Aid, Papers

Global Growth Business and Environment Risk †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Global Growth Business and Environment Risk. Answer: Introduction: At the time of operating in the host countries, the business organizations have to take into consideration the business policies of the host country. At the same time, they need to develop their organizational strategies in such a way so that they can match the business policies of the host countries. This same theory is applicable for Acciona. Acciona is one of the major business organizations of Spain that involves in the development and management of various infrastructures, water, renewable energy and other services (acciona.com 2017). Acciona needs to comply with the business policies of the host country while operating in the host country. As per the policy of Acciona, Acciona needs to be maintained a strict policy on risk management and returns at the time of taking the new projects. It implies that the business environment of Australia needs returns from Acciona while minimizing the risk factors. This aspect will help the company to maintain strong growth in Australia market. Another major impact of the policies of Australia on Acciona is the adoption of Integrated Management System (IMS) Policy by Acciona. This particular policy makes Acciona to focus on two of the major factors; they are Sustainability and Continuous Improvements of the companys business activities (acciona.com.au 2017). In this regard, it needs to be mentioned that the policies of IMS is an indispensible requirement for Acciona as the company must comply with these policies. There are some specific principles in IMS policies. First, it is re quired for Acciona to maintain the top quality of their works. It implies that there is no scope for the compromise of quality. Second, the Australian Government demands Acciona to comply with all the required legislations, regulations and laws that are related to environmental and Organizational Health and Safety (OHS) hazards (acciona.com.au 2017). Thus, it can be guessed that the motive of this principle is to improve the organizational activities related to these factors. The third principle is related to the promotion of the culture of integrated management related to environmental care and OHS activities. These are the main policies of Australia that have effects on the business operations of Acciona. However, it needs to be mentioned that there are many other policies of Australia that Acciona needs to comply with. However, the main aim of all these policies is to bring improvements in the businesses. Opportunities and Risk It needs to be mentioned that Acciona has to face some kinds of dilemmas, challenges, risks and opportunities at the time to operate in Australia. They are discussed below: The major ethical dilemma faced by Acciona is to comply with all the required environmental and sustainability related regulations while maintaining the required profit level. Often, it becomes difficult for Acciona to maintain the desired profit level after complying with all the regulations. It has been seen that the maintenance of all the regulations decreases the profit level of the companies as these regulations restrict some of the business activities of Acciona. This can be considered as the major dilemma of Acciona (arena.gov.au 2017). In addition, Acciona has to deal with some of the major business risks. The major risk factor is the effect of world economic turmoil on Australia. Due to this, Acciona has to face the risk regarding the uncertainty of necessary resources for their business operations. Apart from this, it needs to be mentioned that the risk of less capital for operation is another major aspect. These are the major risks that Acciona has to face while operating in Australia (arena.gov.au 2017). However, there are some good business opportunities for Acciona. As the people of Australia have become more conscious about environment, they are focusing on the adoption of renewable energy. This aspect is creating business opportunities for Acciona. In addition, Australia is determined to develop the direct-use market for renewable energy companies. This is a positive sign for Acciona as it will create business opportunities for Acciona. Apart from this, technical advancements have reduces the business costs of Acciona. These are the major opportunities for Acciona (theconversation.com 2017). The major challenge for Acciona is to face the uncertain market condition of Australian renewable energy as this particular market is yet is come to its stability. The next challenge is to face the major technical issues of the business operations. It has been seen that some of these issues cannot be solved sometimes. These are the major challenges faced by Acciona in Australia (theconversation.com 2017). Overall, according to the above study, in Australia, Acciona needs to be complied with the sustainability and continuous improvements policies of the country. In addition, Acciona also needs to comply with the Organizational Health and Safety regulations along with other legislative regulations. Accionas major ethical dilemma in Australia is to maintain high profitability while complying with environmental and sustainability regulations. The major risk is the effect of world economic downtown along with uncertain market condition. References Acciona.com. (2017).ACCIONA to focus on selected growth opportunities and new markets in renewables and infrastructure. [online] Available at: https://www.acciona.com/pressroom/news/2017/may/acciona-focus-selected-growth-opportunities-new-markets-renewables-infrastructure/ [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. Acciona.com.au. (2017).About us | ACCIONA Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.acciona.com.au/about-us/ [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. Acciona.com.au. (2017).IMS Policy. [online] Available at: https://www.acciona.com.au/sustainability/ims-policy/ [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. arena.gov.au/. (2017).LOOKING FORWARD: BARRIERS, RISKS AND REWARDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN GEOTHERMAL SECTOR TO 2020 AND 2030. [online] Available at: https://arena.gov.au/assets/2014/07/ARENA-IGEG-main-report.pdf [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. The Conversation. (2017).2017 will be a big year for Australia's energy system: here's what to look out for. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/2017-will-be-a-big-year-for-australias-energy-system-heres-what-to-look-out-for-71703 [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. The Conversation. (2017).Australia's energy sector is in critical need of reform. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/australias-energy-sector-is-in-critical-need-of-reform-61802 [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017].

Lord Of Flies Essays (754 words) - English-language Films

Lord Of Flies The film, released in 1963, is the tale of a group of upscale British schoolchildren who are being flown out of London to the supposed safety of the South Pacific before war erupts. Their airplane crashes and the lads are left to fend for themselves on a remote island. The storyline takes the boys from innocence to savagery. The film did not receive rave reviews from critics. "The film version takes away some of the creative imagination that comes from reading the story, but its images are as shocking as one might imagine ? little boys turned into violent savages"(Webster, Apollo Guide). The reviews could be in part from the inexperience of the actors. "The little boys were almost all non-actors whose parents volunteered them for the job out of respect for the book" (Webster, Apollo Guide). However, Peter Brook did an excellent job of depicting the possible outcome of the situation with which the children are faced. This film shows human nature in its truest form. Society is faced with people who are vulnerable to others, those who are capable of making the right decisions, and some who feel the need to violate the rules. Piggy, portrayed by Hugh Edwards, is the most vulnerable character. At the beginning, he makes the mistake of divulging his nickname. Piggy seems to be intelligent and sensible, but lacking the confidence in himself to put it to use. Jack belittles Piggy throughout the film. He continuously calls him "Fatty" and at one point slaps him in the face, which causes his glasses to break. Piggy's only hope is the friendship of Ralph, who betrayed him at the beginning, only to eventually become his best friend. Piggy never succumbed to the savagery of the others. In his last words, "What is it better to be, a bunch of savages like you are, or sensible like Ralph is", he proves that it is possible for someone to remain themselves and not succumb to the pressures of others. Piggy is the symbol of rationality and adult society. Ralph is the character who always tried the orderly approach. Throughout the film, he tried to care for the others and be the leader that the younger children needed. However, Ralph's leadership is doomed from the start. Jack's resentment of losing the election is evidence of the upcoming trouble that Ralph will face. He seems to notice signs of rebellion after the first pig roast. When the plane flew over and the fire was out, his encounter with Jack signaled the breakup of the group. Ralph's last appeal at civility came after Jack took the conch away from Piggy and Ralph said, "You are breaking the rules. The rules are the only thing we got!" Ralph continued throughout the film to stand by Piggy and the younger children. Even after most of the children left his group, Ralph still had respect for their well being. Jack is the antagonist of the film. From the beginning, he is upset about losing the election and resents anyone who did not vote for him. He continues to act as if he is in charge. He continually belittles the other children and leads the older boys towards savagery. Jack eventually splits the group and forms his own"tribe". They paint themselves like savages and begin to chant and have warlike dances. Jack seems to become more violent as his power increases After Simon was killed, he defended the slaying by telling the others that it was the beast disguised as Simon. Jack seemed to have turned into a dictator toward the end of the film. He is shown having the smaller children whipped; his cruelty eventually led to the murderous search for Ralph. This film shows the viewer several different personalities, all of which are in our society. It shows the variety of people who are forced to live in the same world. "Golding's novel is the sort of fable that could shock only those who believe in the onwardness of civilization, as some still did in those days. At the time of its publication (1954), attempts were made to find political messages in it, but today it seems more like a sad prophecy of what is happening in neighborhoods ruled by drugs. What week goes by without another story of a Ralph gunned down by a Jack?" (Ebert, Chicago Sun Times). It opens the eyes of the viewer for the necessity of laws and the need for their enforcement. It would be a sad time

God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy essays

God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy essays "?The God of Small Things", by Arundhati Roy, is a multi-layered novel structured in an intricate manner. Roy has covertly weaved and connected her ideas therefore requiring more than surface level analysis from her readers. As a result is the unusual yet successful narrative that garnered praise from most literary critics. The novel recounts the story of the Ipe family that lives in Aymenem, Kerala in post-colonial India. During the course of the story, the various members of the household each contribute to the unraveling of the series of events and the aftermath of Sophie Mols death is soon revealed. The novel is rich with literary devices such as symbolism and certain themes like the caste system. Roy creates vivid imagery through the use of colors that aim to evoke specific emotions in the readers as well as convey intertwining themes such as colonialism and oppression. The three main colors that are preset in novel are blue, red and yellow. However, the most dominant color throughout the novel is the color blue. Blue simply symbolizes imperialism and the superiority of the British. Pappachi, Baby Kochamma and Margaret Kochamma are the main representatives of the old social order that is under the threat of losing its grip on the local community" (Sadaf). These characters, in specific Pappachi and Baby Kochamma, attempt to hold onto and spread Anglophilia in their post-colonial society. It is ironic that these characters promote Anglophilia rather than search through history to try and salvage whatever is left of their soon to be non existent Indian culture and heritage. Therefore, Roy might be attempting to portray these characters dangerous loyalty to the British culture by constantly associating them with the color blue. As a result, these characters along with the color blue aid in spreading Roys warnings about the negative effect of coloniali sm on a countrys people. The main symbol of Bri...

Absent Joining Chain Effect on Immune Response

Absent Joining Chain Effect on Immune Response Critical Review of a Journal Kallberg, E. and Leanderson, T., 2006. Joining-chain (J-chain) negative mice are B cell memory deficient. European Journal of Immunology, 36, 1398-1403. Overview The journal article falls under the main subject area of cellular immune response, where the effect of the absence of joining chain locus on T- cell dependent immune responses on mice was explored. While the authors’ previous study establishes the production of impaired IgM secretion from mice with inactivated joining chain locus, (Erlandsson, et.al., 20010), this particular study further investigated such findings in detail by determining the exact genetic background of the mice. Thus, this particular study aimed to further validate the authors’ previous findings on early crosses of mice with absent joining chain and its concomitant effect on T-cell dependent immune response. The T- cell dependent B cell responses were analyzed using four experiments, namely: the immune response t o the hapten 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl and chicken gamma globulin (NP-CGG); analysis of the ratio between NP-specific ÃŽÅ¡ and ÃŽ » antibodies; analysis of somatic mutations, and carrier priming experiment. It was found that mice with absent joining chain loci are deficient in â€Å"T helper cell activation during T cell –dependent B cell immune responses†, (Kallberg and Leanderson, 2006). This study was aptly technically described and appeals to an audience in the medical field such as immunologists, physicians, laboratory and clinical directors, etc. It consists of the following format: abstract, introduction, results, discussion, materials and methods, acknowledgements and references. Introduction The title appropriately indicates the effect of J-chain deficiency on B memory, which is the focal point of this study. Its well structured abstract completely and vividly presented the major points and the conclusion of the study. The objective, which can be found in the la tter part of the introduction, however, was not clearly identified in the abstract and the text, but needs to be carefully ascertained by the reader. Results The experimental results of the four experiments produced findings that correlate to and support the hypothesis of the study, i.e., J -/- mice have compromised T-cell dependent immune response. The specific findings are as follows: Joining- chain deficient mice have compromised secondary immune response to 4-hydroxy-3nitrophenyl. Although J -/- mice responded in the same way with the control group during the analysis of serum IgG anti-NP at all time points, there was a wide difference observed on after the 14 th day point, which was clearly supported and plotted in the graph (Figure1). After the secondary response to NP-CGG, it was found that the recall response in mice without joining chain loci are lower than the control animals, which was further correlated to a lower number of B memory cells. All raw data of the resu lts pertaining to these findings were well supported by graphs (figures1-3). Mice without joining-chain have inefficient repertoire switch Results showed that only 30% of the NP-binding antibodies in J -/- mice were expressed, while 90% of the antibodies of the control animals were expressed, confirming the negative effect of the joining chain on the efficiency of T-cell immune responses. This was supported by a bar graph of the results and a graphical illustration of the NP expression on splenic B memory cells.

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example It is also considered to be the job of a HRM to recruit and hold on to the most skilled and proficient employees to make the organization competitive with respect to attracting potential candidates. In the present competitive and rapidly altering business environment, management of human capital has become critically important to preserve viability of the team. Thus, the HRMs involve a pivotal role in today’s business as people are considered to be the key factor which helps to attain long-run competencies. Organizations can replicate production processes or marketing strategies, but the talent of employees makes an organization unique and differentiates it from other competitors (Society for Human Resource Management, 2012). My Personal Leadership Philosophy The concept of leadership is quite broad and situational. In order to become a successful HRM, I have examined the most vital aspects in me for the reason of mastering leadership. I have realized that leadership is not about having subordinates, it is not a mere title and it cannot be accomplished by mechanically following few ideologies but rather leadership means to have the nerve for making the appropriate choices. Leadership is empowering the subordinates to pursue a shared objective of accomplishing a positive and long-term influence. My leadership philosophy has been formed with the help of several aspects. The first aspect is self-understanding. I believe that without self-understanding, one cannot successfully accomplish leadership qualities. The rarest form of leadership is believed to depend on relationship. One of the most significant activities conducted by me for the reason of developing my personal form of leadership is identification of the core worth. Probably, the most critical aspect to become an operative leader is to define and realize the core values of the organization or the team so that shared objectives can be created and a culture to promote coordination as well as competition can be developed. Based on these philosophical guidelines, I shall determine my core values as self-understanding, honesty and respect, passion, growth and learning as well as communication skills which I expect to assist me in facilitating the attainment of organizational goals and objectives. My Skills /Competencies Se lf-understanding: It is believed that one cannot accomplish leadership qualities without self-understanding which signifies the realization of his/her strengths and weaknesses. Once this understanding is gained, decisions need to be made in accordance with the individual principles. It is in this context that a genuine leader is believed to remain true to every concerned person. Genuineness in this sense denotes reliability in behavior and decisions along with the appropriate level of sincerity towards the subordinates. Honesty and Respect: Honesty has great significance in life and helps to control actions which are ethical and well-justified. I regard honesty to be one of the vital values in my life. It sets a particular framework based on which a leader makes all decisions. Without honesty, there would be no inspiration to follow other morals. According to my experience in the HRM division, the other imperative factor measured to be essential for leadership is ethical practice. T he factor of ethical practice is one of the efficient and effective aspects of leadership in order to make appropriate decisions. It

The Connection of The Metabolist Movement With Traditional Japanese Essay

The Connection of The Metabolist Movement With Traditional Japanese Architecture and Urban Design - Essay Example This was accomplished through defying the traditions of space, creating new forms and functional features within the structures. In the pamphlet Metabolism 1960: The Proposals for a New Urbanism, the proponants of the movement presented through the philosophies that defined the thoughts of the architects who were discussing the concepts. The philosophy of Metabolism are founded in the ideas of Buddhist worship, combined with thoughts about impermanence and change as they related to the losses in space that the population explosion was revealing for the future (Kurokawa 6). The ideas behind the development of the design are sometimes considered to be technocratic as much as they are still entrenched in the movement of the avant-garde. The technocrat is someone who lends expertise without the influences of politics in order to solve problems for a society. Crowther and Vunsche write that â€Å"the heterogeneous Japanese Metabolism Movement is significant for its incorporation of moder n science and mathematics into a philosophical exegesis of nature† (173). They go on to explain that the structures with their mass and density for their function were intended to reflect the technological advancements through a technology dominated habitat (Crowther and Vunsche 173). Metabolism is also concerned with nature. ... One of the things that Kurokawa wanted to avoid was repeating the aesthetics and structures found in the West. In the aftermath of the war Japan had been torn apart with much of its original architecture lost to the bombs and destruction of war. Kurokawa wanted to see a Japanese reinvention of building, placing the works in harmony with both the modern and the surroundings in which it would exist. The Description Internal The Nakagin Capsule Tower was built by Kisho Kurokawa in 1972 in order to solve a problem of too many traveling business men without enough economical space to house them when they visited Tokyo (Figure 1). The work looks like a pegged game, something like Jenga that has been slotted together in the best possible configuration. For the Metabolism Movement, the work is small having only 144 modules that can be stacked and rotated around a 14 story core. The building can be changed by removing or adding modules that are connected by four tension bolts to the core buil ding. The pieces were built and pre-made in a manufacturing plant in Shiga, making the units replaceable. The space is small, but efficient allowing for the perfected small space for an individual to live (Svievan). Figure 2 Nakagin Capsule Tower (Svievan) Description External The period of time when the Metabolism Movement was active was one in which social issues and the increases in the population were of high interest. The aftermath of World War II on the Japanese was to shift their ideas from military conquest to technological conquest. The Nakagin Capsule Tower reflects this idea through economy and efficiency. The inside of the building in relationship with its economy is reflected on the exterior through its modular and changeable

Antidepressant Case Study Essay Example for Free

Antidepressant Case Study Essay The debate over antidepressants has waged on for over more than half a century. Two heads of the Department of Psychiatry in Washington University discovered that depression was just as much biological as it was physiological meaning that people with depression had an abnormal chemical make-up in the brain. This discovery increased the demand for research on methods to alter this abnormality effectively and efficiently. Thus antidepressants were created, sparking a psychiatric revolution. Antidepressants work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for controlling human emotions. Our bodies make serotonin naturally but some particles are lost on the neuron, which is called reuptake. Antidepressants block the reuptake by placing a protein wall on the neuron, enabling a greater consumption of serotonin in the brain (Greenburg Manufacturing). From their creation, antidepressants have given people a chance to recapture the enjoyment they once, or never, had. They help people find their goals, rediscover their futures, and enjoy special moments in life that should be cherished. Antidepressants should be prescribed to individuals suffering from depression because they are simple, safe, and effective. In years prior to the development of antidepressants, depression was treated through drastic hospitalization. Hospitalization involved patients enduring painful treatments such as electrotherapy and/or a lobotomy (Richard 54). In electrotherapy, an individual is pinned down to a bed and shocked whenever a negative or suicidal thought comes to mind. A lobotomy is an unpleasant form of brain surgery that involves a surgeon using a long rod to rewire brain functions. While these forms of treatment are grueling and pose a great risk to the health of the patient, they are successful in reconstructing the chemical make-up in oneâ€⠄¢s brain, which is a necessary component in curing most forms of depression. These forms of treatment are expensive, complicated, and time consuming. Medications, on the other hand, do not demand a lot of time and are easily swallowed. Taking these medications is simple, easy and only requires a doctor’s prescription, which can be easily received upon an appointment. This form of treatment is quite simple, and is much less burdensome than treatment solely based on therapy. Therapy can be quite costly and, without the addition of antidepressants, ineffective. In order for it to be effective the child must meet with a professional twice a week (Martin 574). According to the American Academy of Psychology an average therapy session costs $150. In order to properly treat depression effectively via therapy and non-drug related means the patient requires up to one to three years of treatment. At $300 a week the individual will be spending $15,600 a year and $46,800 over three years. With medication, comes a cheaper and less complicated means of treatment. Under medications, the average patient requires meeting one to two times per every two weeks at the same average cost of $150. This comes out to $3900 per year versus the $15,600 through just treatment. Although there is the cost of medications, the total cost for using medication and therapy is significantly cheaper than using just therapy. With antidepressants, treatment for depression becomes simply and easy to accomplish, making the road to recovery that much more achievable. Many individuals feel skeptical about taking antidepressants because they are a human-made substance, and they are full of chemicals. While this is true, the effects medications have on the body is different from person to person. From its creation antidepressants have had some serious side affects, scaring people away. Today, 118 million people use antidepressants and between 1995 and 2002, the use of these drugs rose 48 percent (Cohen Antidepressants). Also this shows that people have been adjusting to these drugs, and that people see less risk in taking them. Many of the 118 million people on antidepressants have depression, but there are also many people take them for the other reasons. Antidepressants have known to help people quit smoking. (New York Psychiatric) writes, â€Å"Nicotine may have antidepressant effects that maintain smoking for some smokers. Antidepressants may substitute for this effect† (New York Psychiatric). These individuals take the drug as a safe means to quit smoking. Scientifically antidepressants contain bupropion hydrochloride, a chemical known for dissolving the nicotine addiction (New York Psychiatric). A smoker develops an addiction because nicotine is a powerful drug that speeds up the brain and central nervous system. It triggers the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in your brain, boosting one’s mood. Over time the brain adjusts to the increase of dopamine and the smoker becomes addicted. Antidepressants help by stabilizing the elevated levels of dopamine in the brain by having increased levels of the opposite neurotransmitter, serotonin absorbed. Also these drugs are safe to take because the FDA continuously runs tests to validate the drug’s safety. The FDA’s article on improving pediatric and child health states, â€Å"FDA has been committed to addressing the special considerations needed for assessing medical products for children and young adults. These include science to address how development, age and growth may affect how treatments work and effect health outcomes in children† (FDA Improving). Individuals everywhere take these drugs for a variety of reasons, and rarely do they harm an individual. There are many unexplained reasons an individual suffers from depression, but two theories the Monoamine Hypothesis and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Cortisol Theory, are prevalent in most cases of depression, and they explain the biological problems that cause depression (Koplewicz More). The first theory, the Monoamine Hypothesis, was formulated in the 1960’s as a way to show how other chemicals in the brain inhibit serotonin. (Koplewicz More) explains, â€Å" The monoamine (MAO) metabolites act as inhibitors, preventing serotonin and norepinephrin from crossing the synapse. In succession to this theory these MAO metabolites appear to be more prevalent in depressed patients† (Belmaker Future). The second theory, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Cortisol Theory, was developed shortly after the Monoamine Hypothesis. This theory explains that the amount of cortisol produced is reduced in individuals suffering from depression. These two theories are seen in over 66% of cases of depression (Belmaker Future). This number encompasses the largest population of individuals suffering from depression, thus proving depression is largely a chemical imbalance ailment in the brain. Because depression is a chemical imbalance, it can only be cured through certain means of treatment specializing in chemical reconstruction. Such treatments require the proper equipment and chemicals that therapy or other forms of treatment cannot supply. The combination of both antidepressants and therapy is proven to be the most effective means of curing depression. Author George Burns, in his book, Happiness, Healing, Enhancement: Your Casebook Collection for Applying Positive Psychology in Therapy writes, â€Å"43% more patients suffering from depression were cured with the combination of therapy and medication than patients only undergoing only one form of treatment† (Burns 47). The individuals undergoing both verbal therapy and drug therapy recover more often and faster than patients only undergoing one form of treatment. Antidepressants are an effective means of curing depression because they are easy to use, safe, and effective. Antidepressants come mainly in a pill form and work most effectively alongside therapy or other forms of treatment. For an individual with depression who does not consume antidepressant medication, treatment can be difficult, time consuming, and expensive. These pills are easy to ingest and require the patient to do less work by the patient. On top of that, they have been frequently tested by professionals, and are safe in most individuals. Symptoms vary from user to user, however, they typically they do not cause bodily harm. Depression comes in many forms, but in most cases depression is a chemical imbalance in the brain. With this information and are known effects antidepressants have on the brain, it is evident that these drugs are extremely effective and much more effective than solely therapeutic treatment.

An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Social Codes in Beowulf Essay e

Social Codes in Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In reading Beowulf, one cannot help noticing the abundance of references to weapons and armor throughout the text. Many passages involving weapons and armor contain important messages that the author is trying to convey. These passages involve the choice to use or refrain from using arms, the practice of disarming oneself upon entering another's home, and the idea of a man's worth being measured by his weapons.    First, the theme of choosing to use, or not to use, weapons against an adversary seems to be a major issue in the work. On three different occasions, when Beowulf fights Grendel, Grendel's mother, and the dragon, the choice of whether or not to use weapons against a foe is brought to the reader's attention. In the events leading up to the fight with Grendel, Beowulf says:    The monster in his recklessness cares not for weapons. Therefore, so that my liege lord Hygelac may be glad of me in his heart, I scorn to bear sword   but with my grasp I shall grapple with the enemy ... foe against foe. I claim myself no poorer in war-strength ... than Grendel claims himself. Therefore I will not put him to sleep with a sword . . . though surely I might. (32, 35)    Beowulf knows he is evenly matched with Grendel, and that using a sword would make it an unfair contest because he would surely defeat Grendel. By making the fight fair, Beowulf maintains his honor, which is the main idea of each of the other confrontations as well.    In Beowulf's fight with Grendel's mother, he engages her with Hrunting, Unferth's sword, since she attacks him with a knife. When Beowulf decides to fight the dragon, he comments: "I... ...est represented by the passage in which Wiglaf, thane of Beowulf, makes the bold statement: "It does not seem right to me for us to bear our shields home again unless we can first fell the foe, defend the life of the prince of the Weather-Geats" (61).    All three of the ideas involving arms are recurring images throughout Beowulf: the choice to use or refrain from using arms, disarming oneself upon entering another's home, and the worth of a man being measured by his weapons,. They all deal with various layers of respect, obviously a very important issue to the person of the early Middle Ages and afford the reader an opportunity to understand an aspect of the medieval mind.    Works Cited Beowulf. Trans. E. T. Donaldson, 1966. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   M.H. Abrams. 6th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 1993. 2768.    An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Social Codes in Beowulf Essay e Social Codes in Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In reading Beowulf, one cannot help noticing the abundance of references to weapons and armor throughout the text. Many passages involving weapons and armor contain important messages that the author is trying to convey. These passages involve the choice to use or refrain from using arms, the practice of disarming oneself upon entering another's home, and the idea of a man's worth being measured by his weapons.    First, the theme of choosing to use, or not to use, weapons against an adversary seems to be a major issue in the work. On three different occasions, when Beowulf fights Grendel, Grendel's mother, and the dragon, the choice of whether or not to use weapons against a foe is brought to the reader's attention. In the events leading up to the fight with Grendel, Beowulf says:    The monster in his recklessness cares not for weapons. Therefore, so that my liege lord Hygelac may be glad of me in his heart, I scorn to bear sword   but with my grasp I shall grapple with the enemy ... foe against foe. I claim myself no poorer in war-strength ... than Grendel claims himself. Therefore I will not put him to sleep with a sword . . . though surely I might. (32, 35)    Beowulf knows he is evenly matched with Grendel, and that using a sword would make it an unfair contest because he would surely defeat Grendel. By making the fight fair, Beowulf maintains his honor, which is the main idea of each of the other confrontations as well.    In Beowulf's fight with Grendel's mother, he engages her with Hrunting, Unferth's sword, since she attacks him with a knife. When Beowulf decides to fight the dragon, he comments: "I... ...est represented by the passage in which Wiglaf, thane of Beowulf, makes the bold statement: "It does not seem right to me for us to bear our shields home again unless we can first fell the foe, defend the life of the prince of the Weather-Geats" (61).    All three of the ideas involving arms are recurring images throughout Beowulf: the choice to use or refrain from using arms, disarming oneself upon entering another's home, and the worth of a man being measured by his weapons,. They all deal with various layers of respect, obviously a very important issue to the person of the early Middle Ages and afford the reader an opportunity to understand an aspect of the medieval mind.    Works Cited Beowulf. Trans. E. T. Donaldson, 1966. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   M.H. Abrams. 6th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 1993. 2768.   

Halina Mountain Resort Part Essay

Victor Herrera, chairman of the board of Blue Heights Realty & Development Corporation, desired to launch his company’s first big project, a mineral hot spring resort at Bucal, Calamba, Laguna named Halina Mountain Resort (A). He wanted to make it as â€Å"something he could leave for his family†. Blue Heights Realty & Development Corporation was organized in October 1976 attached in owning, improving and managing real estate; it is considered a stable company with authorized capital stock of P1 M and paid-up capital of P900T. The proposed resort was planned to establish to their 2.2 hectare land in Bucal, calamba, Laguna. The land was composed of 1.5 hectare Victor inherited from his father in 1974 and the other 700T hectare which he purchased from his commission from commodities trading. Upon the proposal of the project, Victor asked his son Victor Jr. to make a survey and gathered enough data and information about the vicinity and its rival resort. Also, he made an application with the Ministry of Tourism requesting the approval for the establishment of the resort stating his reasons for going into the resort trade. And lastly, he made a loan application for a P1.3 M with Far East bank and Trust Company however, there is no assurance if it would recognize the merit of his proposal, with a complete paper requirement, Herrera strongly believed that his project is viable & attractive and their reports are unbiased. The only problem would be the approval of his loan application with the Far East Bank and Trust Company. I. Statements of the Objective/s * To pursue the loan from the bank and continue with the desired project for the resort. * To be able to impress the management of the bank to grant their loan. * To seek ideas that will make the Halina Mountain Resort a unique place that will stand out against its anticipated competitors. II. Central Problem/s * Loan Application III. Areas of Consideration * Strengths i. New ideas are being brought up ii. Wide/spacious land to utilize iii. Strong market study iv. Road side v. New business along the area * Weaknesses vi. Large number of competitors vii. No enough funds to start the project viii. New business that the banks are too meticulous to grant their loan application. ix. Limited facilities set up by the Tourism Department of Laguna. * Opportunities x. Create new offerings that will make the resort a different one. xi. Offer packages that are affordable. xii. Apply for the approval of the Tourism Department for the additional facilities for the resort. * Threats xiii. Failure to be granted by the bank with their loan application. xiv. The public may not patronize their new resort. xv. A lot of competitors are near the area. IV. Alternative Courses of Action 1. Halina can present to the bank the result of the market study made by Herrera for their application of loan to be granted. *Advantages: a. It will make the resort look more competitive and strong. *Disadvantages: a. Unsure if this new business will be accepted by the public. 2. Halina can make it a new line of business and make it a subsidiary business by their company. *Advantages: a. More funds may be used without applying a loan from the bank. *Disadvantages: a. The resort will now be a company owned. 3. Halina can offer membership schemes that will generates funds for them to materialize the project. *Advantages: a. It will make the resort a private resort where members can only use the facilities of the resort. *Disadvantages: a. Limited market segment. V. Strategy Formulation I, therefore, conclude that the best solution to the problem is the alternative course of action no. 1, where the Halina Mountain Resort will present to the bank the studies made by their selected firm that their proposed business is a strong and competitive one. They must explain what are the edges of their resort over their competitors that will make them a unique place to stay. VI. Plan of Action 1. Set a meeting with the proper authorities of the bank and discuss the project. 2. If approved, materialize the project and supervise well the actions taken by the people of the resort. 3. Find alternative ways to promote the resort with a minimum cost, i.e. social networking sites. 4. Always make a customer evaluation for management to know what should be improve with their services and facilities. VII. Potential Problems * What if the bank would not approve their loan application? * What if the result of the project will not turn out as planned? * What if there won’t be any customers that will patronize their resort? VIII. Contingency Plan * Halina should try the alternative course no. 2 and pursue the project their company as the head company of the resort. * Find other alternatives that will make the project more attractive to the target market and create a team that will market the resort. * Offer packages that will make it more appealing to the public to try their resort.

Unit 4 Ip

Unit 4 IP Date: February 3, 2013 1. What two policies could you use to reduce the total amount of emissions? The first policy that I would put in place is a reduction of hours available for the plants to run. I think that by reducing the available operation times, you will have less production and therefore less pollution. This will ultimately force the company who definitely needs all the time they can to produce their products, to find a cleaner way to get the job done. The second policy that I would put in place would be a limitation on the amount of certain chemicals that can be used.I would limit the use of chemicals that cause the most emissions problems and invoke fines on anyone who goes over the limited usage. This would 2. Why do you think they each would work? As I mentioned above, the first policy would force the company to find a better way to produce power without the dangers of the externalities polluting the air. The company will need to operate at a certain level to produce power, so they would have no other choice but to find a way to reduce emissions. With the second policy would only work if there were fines associated with using more than the allotted amount of chemicals that cause pollution.We could have policies all day long, but if there are no consequences or they don’t have anyone to answer to then things will not change. They will continue to produce at levels that are dangerous to the people around them. 3. What would the benefits of each action be (besides emissions reduction)? In addition to the reduction of emissions, we would also gain control of the quality of energy being produced. There would be a consistent product that was produced cleanly and it definitely would be better for the health of the people that live around the power plants.The health benefits are fewer illnesses such as cancer, upper respiratory infections, and skin diseases associated with the release of externalities. 4. What would the costs of each acti on be? With the first policy if it is put into place the power plant is definitely going to lose money. If we limit the amount of hours of production, they will definitely not be able to meet whatever quotas they have already put in place. They will produce less and this could affect their bottom line. With the second policy, it may cost them a little more to put into place different procedures to measure the amount of certain chemicals released into the air.It won’t be nearly as costly as reduced hours would be, but the minimal cost would definitely be worth it. 5. How would you decide what was the best level of emission reduction? I would determine what levels of certain chemicals are safe for the neighborhood through testing and with research that has already been done. There are already studies on what is safe and what could harm a population of people or animals that are located near a power plant. References: Power Plant Pollution Control. (n. d. ). Engineering Services Outsourcing. Retrieved February 4, 2013, from http://www. engineeringservicesoutsourcing

Make Chemical Fire Without Matches or a Lighter

Make Chemical Fire Without Matches or a Lighter No matches or lighter are needed to start a fire. Here are four ways to  make one using chemical reactions.  Each of these techniques is simple and requires only three chemicals each. Chemical Fire #1 Potassium permanganateGlycerinWater Add a few drops of glycerin to a few crystals of potassium permanganate. Accelerate the reaction by adding a couple of drops of water. Chemical Fire #2 AcetoneSulfuric acidPotassium permanganate Soak a tissue with acetone to make it more flammable. Next, draw sulfuric acid into a glass pipette. Dip the pipette into potassium permanganate so that the tip of the pipette is coated with a few crystals. Dispense the sulfuric acid onto the tissue. The potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid will mix to produce manganese heptoxide and fire. Chemical Fire #3 Sodium chlorateSugarSulfuric acid Mix a small amount of sodium chlorate and sugar. Initiate the reaction by adding a few drops of sulfuric acid. Chemical Fire #4 Ammonium nitrate powderFinely ground zinc powderHydrochloric acid Mix together a small amount of ammonium nitrate and zinc powder. Initiate the reaction by adding a few drops of hydrochloric acid. Chemical Fire Safety If you are performing a demonstration of chemical fire using any of these reactions, use very small amounts of the chemicals listed for each project. Wear proper safety gear and work on a fire-safe surface. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Womens Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Womens Rights - Essay Example Of what use is it to be an equal to someone with whom we consider from nigh Puritanical viewpoints as someone less able than us I believe that the true emancipation of woman is only achieved by acceptance of the fact that between her and man, there must exist an acceptance of the other's worth and an openness to the fact that one needs the other to be whole and free. The Bible has often been used to benefit the cause of men who wished to maintain the 'status quo' they had created for so long. Interpretation is leans on the idea that women were created to serve as servants to man. She is the caretaker of the home, the bearer of children and nothing more. It is against this idea that women's emancipation movement has long fought against. We have struggled to show that there are more to women than this 'archetype' man has Set and in our efforts to disprove their claim, we have failed to see that the Biblically, a woman's role is not just as a servant but also as an equal and companion from the start. A useful anecdote comes to mind where an argument is made for women as equals: God takes her from man's side, not above him to be his superior, not from his feet to be his servant, but from his side to be his equal - a partner with whom he husbands the beauty of the Garden of Eden. In our efforts to defy the conventions to which we have been shackled, we have overlooked this one key point and have thus upset the balance of nature in our efforts to prove that we are not inferior, but are in fact, the more superior gender. Consider the price of our effort to prove our worth. Goldman describes that for today's modern woman to achieve a level of equality with man, she needs to exert all her effort to the point of exhaustion and she closes herself off to anything else that might hinder her from achieving this objective. The modern woman denies herself her natural need to nurture and care by taking on aspects, heretofore considered man's dominion. She becomes driven by an ambition so total that she becomes cold and calculating that she denies herself the most vital right of loving and being loved.Even Elisabeth Cady Stanton, one of the great leaders of the women's emancipation movement and who had so shocked the world with her arguments in "Home Life" a speech she made on marriage and divorce: "from a woman's standpoint, I see that marriage as an indissoluble tie is slavery for women, because law, religion, and public sentiment all combine under this relation, whatever it may be and there is no other huma n slavery that knows such depths of dedregation [sic] as a wife chained to a man whom she neither loves nor respects". Even in that statement it is acknowledge that it is no bad thing for a woman to have someone whom she loves and respects. The view that men are to be looked on as 'oppressors', a view unfortunately held by some of the more radical activists for the women's right s movement, reflects a sorry state of affairs as these women deprive themselves of their true freedom. The fact that they look upon women who have abdicated this view by virtue of their having married as

Are Kids Over Medicated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Are Kids Over Medicated - Essay Example Additionally, poor health choices lead to obesity, high blood pressure, heart conditions, diabetes, and psychological conditions between the ages of 4 and 19 years (Warner 128). Consequently, doctors find it easier to offer medication instead of lasting solutions like a healthy diet, exercise, and regional medical checkups. Many parents find it affordable to treat conditions using medications and prevent adapting to healthy choices to improve overall health condition of their children. Thus, over reliance on over the counter drugs and laziness to adopt healthy lifestyle lead to overmedication of kids. Many people believe that there is a drug to cure every problem. Many parents find this as a relief, and choose to medicate to prevent their children from suffering. You shall find many homesteads have all manner of painkillers, energy boosters, and antidepressant for their kids. The immune system becomes weaker by the day due to constant reliance on medication. Once the body becomes weaker, it requires additional medication to make the immune system stronger to enable the body resume normal functioning. This creates a cycle of medication in the life of a young adult. Children often suffer from behavioral conditions such as moodiness, insomnia, anger erratic episodes, and low appetite among others, but instead of seeking psychological help, parents go for over the counter medicines to relieve these conditions. Accordingly, pharmaceutical companies stepped in to create pills that cure these conditions, yet these are common problems that kids encounter especially during teen years, and thus, do not require medication. According to recent health reports, many pharmaceutical companies are reaping high rewards for manufacturing children’s medications (Elizabeth 8). For instance, antipsychotics medication treats intellectual disability, hyperactive disorder, and disruptive behavior disorder. These same

Leadership and Organizatioinal Change Research Proposal

Leadership and Organizatioinal Change - Research Proposal Example Background to the Study Leaders are critical in change process given the role they play in the entire process. Leaders, for example, develop vision and strategy for the organization, create the need for change, identify new approaches to adopt, and even empower employees to take part in change process (Seidman and McCauley, 2011, p.47). As a result, leaders are critical to the success of change process. However, modern organizations due to internationalization and globalization have people from different cultures, backgrounds, ethnics, and so on. Given that, these people have to work together and help organizations achieve their goals, best ways have to be found on how well such people from diverse cultures can work together for the good of the organization. This therefore requires leadership teams of organizations to identify and implement the best strategies in order to establish cross-cultural teams that help organization achieve its goals. Although there is growing literature con cerning the positive role cross cultural teams plays in enabling organizations realize goals (Voutsas, 2011, pp. 116-117) there is little literature concerning how leadership teams can participate in establishing the most effective cross-cultural teams. Statement of the Problem Due to numerous dynamics in the environment, business managers and leaders have found change to be inevitable. Organizations have found out that having a heterogeneous workforce in globalized world is unavoidable. As a result, more and more people from different cultures are likely to work together in one organization. Due to this, organizations’ leadership has to find the best ways of establishing and managing effective cross-cultural teams in order to achieve objectives of the organization. Purpose of the Study The aim of this study is to establish the appropriate ways organizational leadership can take part in establishing effective cross-cultural teams in an organization. This will be achieved thro ugh analyzing a number of international firms that have heterogeneous workforce. Objectives The objective of the study is to identify and analyze strategies used buy firms to establish effective cross-cultural teams. The understanding is that organizational change can effectively be carried out through the input of cross-cultural teams. Research Questions This study will be guided by the following research questions: What strategic role can cross-cultural teams play in change management of an organization? How can organizational leadership create and sustain effective cross-cultural teams? Hypothesis Effective cross-cultural teams should promote good: communication, decision-making, conflict resolution, interpersonal relationships, leadership, and collaboration, which in turn are likely to results into effective organizational change. a) Independent variable The independent variable to be studied includes the function of cross-cultural teams in an organization. b) Dependent variable The dependent variables to be studied include skills with regard to communication, decision-making, conflict resolution, interpersonal relationship, leadership, and

Relative resource manager (HRM) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Relative resource manager (HRM) - Essay Example In context of the modern day businesses, human resources are also considered as one of the chief sources to reward a with company competitive benefits in the long run (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). It is in this context that preparation of reflective summaries or reflective logs can prove to be beneficial in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a learner and further obtain a structured planning to utilize the skills obtained. With a similar view, I would intend to develop a reflective log based on my learning in relation to HRM practices. I would initially construct a brief description of my learning through the module and further depict my expectations and goals to implement the learning obtained in my professional career through the discussion henceforth. Learning Obtained from Coursework Based on my learning in this module, I can state that the principles of HRM attempt to specify human resources of any organisation as its asset and therefore, assist the leaders in directing the workforce towards a determined goal on the basis of shared values. It is in this context that various theorists have been arguing human resources to play a fundamental role in organisational success and thus, should be deal with efficiency in terms of its allocation. It is also regarded as one of the crucial managerial tools, which plays an effective role in implementing changes in relation to the policies of the company issues related with the deliverance of the product in an effective and productive way (Chandramohan, n.d.). As per my learning, for any organization to be successful, utilizing the skills of the human resource with cost effectiveness is quite significant. I have learnt that companies should be quite particular while recruiting human resources or manpower to contribute to the organisational success. HRM holds an important role in supervising the employees in any company. In this regard, I learnt that the doctrine of HRM encompass various range of activities includin g recruitments, appraisals, rewards and training facilities among others which are solely aimed at the development of employee productivity and organizational sustainability on the whole. It is in this context that being an HR manager is certainly not any easy task. Apart from monitoring each individual employee’s productivity and characteristics to manage them efficiently, HR managers also need to take into account various aspects such as the legal influences, employees’ requirements, their satisfaction, their development as well as similar other factors which tend to impose a direct impact on employees’ performances and thus, cause an effect on the overall organizational competencies (Vijayaragavan & Singh, n.d.; University of California, n.d.). It is very important for the companies now-a-days to develop its operations in a manner that will reward competitive advantages to it over the existing rivals companies. In this regard, HRM strategies play an imperativ e role by assisting with the systematic management of human resources in the company. Moreover, I have also learnt from my study that every individual as an employee always desire for equal compensation and benefits in accordance with their

HRM Human Resource Management in TESCO Organization

HRM Human Resource Management in TESCO Organization Identification of the organisations business strategy, mission and goals Tesco is, as Brand Finance (2014) notes, the largest retailer in UK, as well as being a highly significant retailer globally. As of 2014, Tesco is operating in 12 countries globally, and there are presently 6,780 Tesco stores. In addition, the company employs approximately 500,000 people worldwide. In addition to its core business in the grocery sector, Tesco has also diversified to offer a range of other products and services, such as personal finance and mobile phones. It has developed its ‘bricks and mortar’ business model to include an increasing emphasis upon modern day technology, through Tesco Direct (Ma, Ding and Hong, 2010) and the customer relationship management programme, Clubcard (Felgate, Fearne and di Falco, 2011). Business strategy Tesco’s has, as Schiraldi, Smith and Takahashi (2012) comment, a well-established and consistent business strategy that has enabled the company not only to strengthen the core UK business but also to expand successfully into a range of new markets. Those markets that were not successful, such as the US Fresh Easy stores, have been off-loaded in order to limit group-wide losses (Tyrell, 2014). Tesco’s business strategies mainly focus, as Wood and McCarthy (2014) further postulate, on the huge UK domestic grocery market, along with financial services, and telecommunications. Evaluating its business strategy, Schiraldi, Smith and Takahashi (2012) assert that one of the main objectives of Tesco’s business strategy is to create sustainable, long-term growth. According to Tesco plc (2014), this will be achieved by world-wide expansion. With this goal in mind, the company initially focused on expanding its business enterprises into Asia and central Europe. Tesco primarily focuses, according to Metzger (2014), on five key market sectors: 1) its core UK business, 2) the communities in which it operates, 3) non-food products, both within and beyond those offered ‘in store’, 4) retailing services, and 5) international markets. The company has, as this essay discusses, separate strategies for each of these aspects. The major objectives of Tesco’s business strategy include being a successful retailer internationally, facilitating the continued growth of the core UK business, being strong in the non-food market, the further development of various retailing services like telecommunications, Tesco personal finance and Tesco.com, and giving to the communities in which it operates, so as to strengthen brand loyalty (Piercy, Cravens and Lane, 2010). Tesco’s core UK business is the most important part of the entire business and accounts for 70% of group sales (Tesco, 2014). There are, as already noted, almost 3,400 Tesco stores employing around 310,000 people in the UK; these people are employed in five main, distinctively different, types of store, in order of size format: Tesco Extra, Superstore, Express, Metro, and One Stop. In addition, there are other format stores, such as Homeplus, Dobbies, and internet shopping options. There are presently 247 Extra stores, 482 Superstores, 195 Metro, 1,672 Express, and 722 One Stop stores, which, quite literally, give Tesco a presence in almost every town within the country (Tesco, 2014). In commenting upon how Tesco has developed its business model in light of lessons learned from the current global recession, it is suggested by Piercy, Cravens and Lane (2010) that the primary realisation has been that people want more value for their money but they do not want to compromise on product quality. This message can be seen to have been acted upon by Tesco in a number of ways. First, Tesco has enhanced promotion of its ‘Value’ range, coupled with less advertising of its premier ‘Finest’ range. Secondly, the rewarding of customer loyalty has led Tesco to create a world-leading customer loyalty programme called ‘Clubcard’. According to Tesco (2014), fulfilling corporate responsibility and creating value within the communities it operates are crucial for achieving growth. Tesco believes, as Blythman (2012) further notes, that each and every strategy that it designs has an impact on the community. Tesco’s strategies regarding corporate responsibility include providing active support to local community, providing good jobs to locals, and taking care of the environment. In addition, the company is aiming to create zero carbon stores in the future (Rosethorn, 2009). The main objective of Tesco’s non-food strategy is to become as strong in this arena as it is in the food category. Tesco’s Dobbies, Homeplus and Extra stores are the three store formats where non-food products are available, the latter in addition to food. In 2000, Tesco Direct, the company’s online store where more than 125,000 products are available, was launched. The company has 25 distribution centres, out of which six deal with clothing and non-food products (Tesco, 2014). Cumulatively, these distribution centres deliver goods to an estimated 500,000 customers per week in the online sector only (Tesco, 2014); this division of the company has experienced rapid growth, showing the importance of diversification to the continued growth of the company (Ma, Ding and Hong, 2010). Tesco’s various retail services include Tesco Bank, Tesco.com and Tesco telecommunications. In the UK, Tesco Bank is the most successful supermarket bank (Scuffham, 2014), which once more shows how invaluable diversification has been to the continued success and growth of the group as a whole. Furthermore, developing Tesco.com was a strategy of keeping pace with modern trends in shopping which may result, in the future, in fewer resources being applied to traditional ‘bricks and mortar’ strategies, and more being routed towards on-line consumers. Identification of the organisations overall HRM strategy and goals This section discusses the overall human resource management (HRM) strategy and goals of Tesco. Given the global reach of the chain, it is imperative that managers make a complete and feasible HRM plan and use different strategies to manage employees. This will include changing strategies to account for local customs and variations (Brennan, Moore and Mughan, 2013). The human resource strategy presently utilised at Tesco’s revolves, as Merkel, Jackson and Pick (2010) discuss, around the training and development of employees, communication and consultation, and rewards and benefits linked to achieving targets. This triple-headed approach to HRM has been successful over the years and has helped the firm to retain and recruit well-motivated staff who present a professional appearance to customers and are proud to work for Tesco. The most significant part of the HRM strategy of Tesco is training and development in terms of both time and money (Tesco, 2014). Every year, Tesco employs a large number of staff and a critical component of this, in addition to ‘front line’ shop staff, is the recruitment of high quality graduates from leading universities (Rosethorn, 2009). It is imperative, given the academic background of these recruits, that they are trained in ‘the Tesco way’ and introduced as quickly as possible to the corporate structure and mentality of the firm. This is why the training of graduates through specific recruitment programmes is essential (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2010). Tesco does not merely, however, favour graduates. It values all its staff as important resources and promises each of its employees that they will have a chance to develop their skill set and progress through the company (Fernie and Moore, 2013). This implies, in the opinion of the author, that each employee has the same opportunity to acquire essential skills relating to their work and the same opportunity to develop themselves to learn new knowledge. In the UK, skilled specialist employees in traditional occupations, such as fishmongers and bakers, can attain recognised qualifications during their careers at Tesco and, in 2008, 97.4% of shop-floor and 99.9% of Tesco.com employees in the UK were trained to bronze level (competent); 94.2% of shop-floor employees achieved silver level competence (expert or experienced). Such data suggests, as Ma, Ding and Hong (2010) comment, that Tesco realises the importance of investing in its staff and is keen to retain and develop a large number of skilled workers. In addition to the training programme evaluated above, Tesco has an Options development program. In this program, staff can select and learn skills that they need to grasp so as to progress to the next work level within the firm – this is, therefore, a form of self-guided career professional development. One in 30 employees of Tesco in the UK participate this programme, according to Tesco (2014). Mindful of its success, Tesco expanded this programme into Central Europe and Asia in 2009 (Brannen, Moore and Mughan, 2013). This suggests that different parts of the company can benefit from positive innovations trialled elsewhere. The second major part of its HRM programme is tied into issues pertaining to communication and consultation. Tesco wants to know the views of employees on problems which affect them and the wider company. This form of ‘bottom-up’ feedback is common in companies with a global presence, as Brannen, Moore and Mughan (2013) note. Managers are now encouraged to use different types of communication to gather feedback that can be used to develop the company further. This includes, according to Fernie and Sparks (2014), staff question times, face-to-face interviews, and use of the in-house internet. In addition, Tesco undertakes an annual staff survey and ‘Viewpoint’, which are anonymous and confidential (Tesco, 2014). Tesco uses these approaches to find the problems in working processes as soon as possible, so that it can address them and ensure that it responds to them in a manner so as to maximise returns. The third part of Tesco’s HRM strategy relates to rewards and benefits (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2010). Tesco tries to keep a competitive HRM edge over its major supermarket rivals by offering a basic wage that is as high as possible. This is enhanced by long-term reward plans and share bonuses (Tesco, 2014). Analysis of the various components of Tesco HRM Human resource management at Tesco involves various activities, including recruitment talent analysis, provision of a good working environment, programmes aimed at retaining employees who have good performance, and ensuring that all are treated equally (Rosethorn, 2009). These divergent trends within HRM are all important as, without them, employees may not feel valued. Increasing employee self-worth is, as Merkel, Jackson and Pick (2010) note, a valuable tool in the arsenal of the successful HRM practitioner because those who feel valued are likely to outperform less enchanted colleagues. In addition, a highly motivated workforce has been shown, by Fernie and Sparks (2014), to maximise the potential for high profit returns within a firm. It is also worth considering that ensuring equality in the firm is an important legal consideration given the right of all people to work in a safe environment that is free from bullying and respects human rights (Tushman and O’Reilly, 2002). For good employee relations the company also encourages its workers to work near their homes, which, as Piercy, Cravens and Lane (2010) observe, is a ‘green’ initiative that helps cut down on fuel costs and also reduces the time that individuals spend travelling to work. The company also gives their employees freedom of transfer, thus encouraging employee retention (Metzger, 2014). In addition, the use of shift work maximises the ability of people to work hours that suit their own timetables; thus, for instance, a student may be able to obtain an evening shift that does not interrupt his or her studies, whereas a mother of young primary school-aged children may be able to work during the day whilst the children are at school. This flexibility of working patterns, which is also important for the exchange of ideas and for the promotion of equality of faith (such as the need for Orthodox Jews not to work on Saturdays) are all factors that help Tesco to build a wide multicultural team of workers that are attune to the attitudes of the individual communities that they serve. Indeed, as a result of the UK being a truly multicultural society, HRM can be seen to play a critical role in working towards the creation of a healthy work environment. Tesco also ensures that every employee knows his or her rights in the organisation, which can also be seen as a way of ensuring that employee unions are supportive of the market aspirations of the company (Rosethorn, 2009). That Tesco also embraces health and safety regulations and training may be seen as a further bonus. In addition, Tesco trains its employees on disaster management, which is not only a positive for staff but also for the shoppers who frequent Tesco (Blythman, 2012). That staff receive such training means that members of the public can shop in safety in the secure knowledge that in the event of a fire outbreak the staff are trained, and responsive. With regard to the use of human resource models, Tesco can be evaluated as using a range of different models to ensure that it meets it core business goals (Fernie and Moore, 2013). This is important to note within the confines of this essay because no two people are identical (in terms of their behaviour and personality traits), thus calling for different HRM approaches to be adopted to ensure that there is, within the workforce, harmony in the company (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2010). Tesco has, as Rosethorn (2009) notes, has resolved to use a commitment-based model which does not force employees to meet frameworks. Rather, the achievement of goals is looked at as possible through respect, provided that there is co-ordination and self-control. This model calls for motivation and reinforcement in order to achieve the objectives of Tesco management and, as Tushman and O’Reilly (2002) suggest, employee opinions are taken into consideration and are used even during problem-solving processes. This model puts the employee at the forefront and helps to sustain motivation. Identification of areas that could be improved Tesco knows that it, in order to keep competitive in an increasingly cut-throat market, it has to keep sound strategies and build upon them (Wood and McCarthy, 2014). It is critical therefore, in accordance with the view advanced by Tushman and O’Reilly (2002), that human resource management continues to develop, identify, and strengthen the capacities of its staff. Tesco has a lot of employees who have substantial experience, and it follows that there is a key role for them to play in the training of new employees. In addition the company needs to train employees with expertise and ensure that they are kept up-to-date with regards to their key skill sets. The training concepts mentioned within this assignment work together to ensure that the organisation benefits from the increased competence of its staff. For rewards and wages Tesco is in line with existing laws and regulations and pays salaries according to the minimum wage law (Tesco, 2014). Nevertheless, further benefits could be accrued by making a more explicit linkage between performance and reward, especially with regard to the firm’s overall profits (Metzger, 2014). This would mean that when annual profits increase, there should be an increase in the salaries and rewards enjoyed by employees. Such rewarding of talent will have a positive impact on both workers and the company (Fernie and Sparks, 2014). Conclusion The human resource management department plays an important role in any organisation. Tesco has a well-documented, forward-thinking HRM department which is in tune with its overall business aims. Through the recruitment and retention of first rate staff and ensuring that all employees can perform to the best of their ability, Tesco increases the chances that its staff will be a positive asset (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2014). In addition, as Tesco increasingly diversifies its business portfolio, there is a need to ensure that all employees in each country in which it operates learn from best practice elsewhere (Brannen, Moore and Mughan, 2013). Indeed, if Tesco is to attain its global objectives, it is imperative that its HRM department continually evaluates its own performance (as well as that of employees), so that the company’s most important asset – its staff – can continually adapt to the changing needs and expectations of the company’s customers to help ensure that it retains its existing position of primacy within the UK supermarket sector (Metzger, 2014). Bibliography Blythman, J. (2012). Shopped: The shocking power of British supermarkets. London: HarperCollins. Brand Finance (2014). Global 500 2014: The world’s most valuable brands. Available at: http://brandirectory.com/league_tables/table/global-500-2014 [accessed 10 September 2014]. Brannen, M.Y., Moore, F. and Mughan, T. (2013). Strategic ethnography and reinvigorating Tesco plc: Leveraging inside/out bicultural bridging in multicultural teams. Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings, London, September 16-18, pp. 282-299. Felgate, M., Fearne, A. and di Falco, S. (2011). Analysing the impact of supermarket promotions: A case study using Tesco Clubcard data in the UK. Kent Business School. Working Paper 234. Fernie, J. and Sparks, S. (2014). Logistics and retail management (4th edn). London: Kogan Page. Fernie, S. and Moore, C. (2013). Principles of retailing. Abingdon: Routledge. Ma, Y., Ding, J. and Hong, W. (2010). Delivering customer value based on service process: The example of Tesco.com. International Business Research, 3(2), 131. Merkel, J., Jackson, P. and Pick, D. (2010). New challenges in retail human resource management. In Krafft, M. and Mantrala, M.K. (eds) (2014). Retailing in the 21st century (2nd edn). Springer: Berlin, pp. 257-270. Metzger, K. (2014). Business analysis of UK supermarket industry. Master’s dissertation, Loughborough University. Piercy, N.F., Cravens, D.W. and Lane, N. (2010). Marketing out of the recession: Recovery is coming, but things will never be the same again. The Marketing Review, 10(1), 3-23. Rosethorn, H. (2009). The employer brand: Keeping faith with the deal. Farnham: Gower. Schiraldi, P., Smith, H. and Takahashi, Y. (2012). Estimating a dynamic game of spatial competition: The case of the UK supermarket industry. LSE Working Paper. Scuffham, M. (2014). Tesco takes on UK banks with current account launch. Reuters [online]. Available at: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/09/uk-tesco-bank-account-idUKKBN0EK24H20140609 [accessed 10 September 2014]. Tesco plc (2014). Annual report 2014. Cheshunt: Tesco plc. Tushman, M.L. and OReilly, C.A. (2002). Winning through innovation: A practical guide to leading organizational change and renewal. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press. Tyrell, J. (2014). Introduction to socio-cultural influences. In Mutum, D.S., Roy, S.K. and Kipnis, E. (eds) (2014). Marketing cases from emerging markets. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 9-11. Wood, S. and McCarthy, D. (2014). The UK food retail ‘race for space’ and market saturation: A contemporary review. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 24(2), 121-144.

Usurpation in Richard II, As You Like It, Midsummer Nights Dream, and Romeo and Juliet :: Midsummer Nights Dream Essays

Usurpation in Richard II, As You Like It, Midsummer Night's Dream, and Romeo and Juliet In both As You Like It and Richard II, the concept of usurpation is illustrated in a political sense by a character substituting himself as ruler. However, Shakespeare employs usurpation in other contexts with characters of all different social positions. These two plays, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Romeo and Juliet feature several kinds of usurpation, which are significant to characterization and plot development. The first instance of usurpation in A Midsummer Night's Dream is Demetrius saying "Yield/Thy crazed title to my certain right" (I.i.91-2). Essentially he is telling Lysander to give up his pursuit of Hermia, although Demetrius is not in a position to command Lysander. This sets the two characters against each other, and adds to the play's central conflict of whom Hermia will marry. Another kind of usurpation is shown by Egeus choosing Hermia's husband: he denies her the right to choose her husband based on love. Furthermore, Egeus endangers Hermia’s life, as Theseus declares she must marry Demetrius or die. This combination starts the plot action, causing Lysander and Hermia to flee Athens. Lysander, Hermia, Demetrius, and Helena occupying the forest exemplifies a third type, which places them in dream-like circumstances. Here, Lysander and Demetrius are forced out of character under the influence of Oberon's pansy juice. Both men fall in love with Helena, but only Lysander is given the antidote to Oberon's pansy juice: Demetrius remains in love with Helena and ultimately marries her. Thus going into the forest drastically affects Demetrius' character, as he no longer seeks to marry Hermia. A fourth kind of usurpation involves using or agreeing upon things. Oberon employing Puck, a puccha, is an example of this. Although Oberon intends only to trick Titania, Puck's mischief dictates both the personality and the actions of several characters, most notably Titania, who falls temporarily in love with Bottom, and Demetrius, who falls and remains in love with Helena. The kind of usurpation most present in Romeo and Juliet is the encroachment or impeding of another's rights. The first example is Capulet promising Juliet to Paris. As in A Midsummer Night's Dream, the father’s wishes contrast with the daughter’s, causing the daughter character to attempt to flee her family in hopes of escaping her arranged marriage and living with her lover. Although breaking tradition and even law by defying their fathers, these characters define themselves by choosing their husbands: they are not simply property to be sold off (with respect to the tradition of dowry).